Subcutaneous mastectomy and chest contouring is done to give a person a more male-looking chest.

A fistulogram is a type of X-ray. It uses X-ray dye (contrast) to look inside your arteriovenous (AV) fistula vascular access for hemodialysis.

This type of brain surgery helps fix a problem with a VP shunt.

A tunneled catheter is one type of vascular access for hemodialysis.

Endoscopic third ventriculostomy (ETV) is a type of brain surgery. It treats hydrocephalus.

Anorectal manometry is a test to look at how well the muscles and nerves in the rectum and anus are working.

After you have an aortic abdominal aneurysm (AAA) repair, the pressure inside your belly (abdomen) is at risk for increasing. High pressure in your abdomen lowers the blood flow to your organs.

Encephalocele is a rare birth defect. It means that part of a child’s skull doesn’t form all the way, leaving a hole.

Posterior fossa decompression helps treat Chiari malformation. It is the most common treatment for this condition.

A Dandy-Walker malformation (DWM) is a birth defect of the brain. It means that the cerebellum doesn’t form the right way as a fetus develops.