Menopause: Effects of Low Estrogen Levels

When your estrogen level falls, you may have symptoms. You also may be at a greater risk for osteoporosis and heart disease. Your diet, family health history, lifestyle, and other factors affect your symptoms and risks.

Preventing Kidney Stones

If you've had a kidney stone, you may worry that you'll have another. Removing or passing your stone doesn't prevent future stones. But with your health care provider's help you can reduce your risk of forming new stones.

Treating Kidney Stones: Open Surgery

Open surgery may be done before, after, or instead of other treatments. This is usually done if the stone is very large, if you have a serious infection, or the kidney has blockage even after waiting for a while.

Treating Kidney Stones: Ureteroscopic Stone Removal

Ureteroscopic stone removal may be done before, after, or instead of other treatments. If you need this procedure, your doctor will discuss its risks and possible complications. You will be told how to prepare. And you will be told about anesthesia.