Pyeloplasty is surgery to unblock the ureter and allow urine to flow again. Read on to learn more about the surgery and what to expect.

Radical orchiectomy is surgery to remove a testicle. It's most often done to treat testicular cancer. Or it may be needed if a testicle is severely damaged due to infection or injury. Some forms of treatment for prostate cancer include orchiectomy. Learn more about this procedure.

Prostate needle biopsy is a test to look for prostate cancer. During the test, a thin, hollow needle is used to take small samples of tissue from the prostate. The samples are then tested in a lab.

Transurethral resection of bladder tumor is done to help find the cause of a bladder problem, such as bladder cancer. During the procedure, small tissue samples are taken from the inside of your bladder. The samples are then tested in a lab. This sheet explains how the procedure is done.

Laparoscopic nephroureterectomy is surgery to remove a kidney and ureter. Find out what you can expect before, during, and after this procedure.

Pituitary gland surgery is done to remove a tumor in the pituitary gland. In most cases these tumors are not cancer (benign). Here's what you can expect before, during, and after the surgery.

Transoral resection is surgery to help control or cure oral cancer. During surgery, an oral tumor is removed through the mouth. This sheet explains transoral resection and what to expect.

Mastoidectomy and meatoplasty are types of ear surgery. Mastoidectomy removes part of the mastoid bone (the large bone behind the earlobe). It may be done if tiny air cells in the bone become infected or damaged. Meatoplasty makes the opening into the ear canal (meatus) larger. It may be done after mastoidectomy to make it easier to check and clean the ear.

Direct laryngoscopy is a procedure to look at the vocal cords. A laryngoscope is a rigid, hollow tube with a light attached. Using this tool, your healthcare provider can look behind your tongue and down your throat to your vocal cords. A tissue sample (biopsy) can be taken for study in a lab. Or a growth can be removed.

Uvulopalatopharyngoplasty (UPPP) can treat your snoring or sleep apnea (a condition that affects nighttime breathing). Learn about the procedure and what to expect.