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Bone grafting is surgery to repair and rebuild bones that are damaged or diseased. This surgery can be done to fix bones almost anywhere in your body.

Burr holes are small holes that a neurosurgeon makes in the skull. Burr holes are used to help relieve pressure on the brain when fluid, such as blood, builds up and starts to press on brain tissue. Read this to understand why and how they are done and what the risks are.

Bariatric surgery helps you lose weight when diet and exercise alone have not been successful. Learn about the types of bariatric surgery.

Lead extraction is the removal of wires from your heart. The wires are part of an implanted cardiac device.

A mitral valve replacement is a surgery to replace a mitral valve that doesn't work well. It's replaced with a new valve.

A brain cyst is an abnormal fluid-filled sac in the brain. A cyst may contain blood, pus, or other material. In the brain, a cyst may contain cerebrospinal fluid (CSF). CSF normally bathes and cushions the brain and spinal cord. Often, a brain cyst begins before birth.

Thrush is a type of fungal infection in the mouth and throat. Thrush does not usually affect healthy adults. It is more common in people with a weakened immune system. It is also more likely if you take antibiotics. Thrush is normally not contagious.

Carnitine is a nutrient that helps the body's cells work normally. Primary carnitine deficiency is when not enough carnitine can get into cells in the body. It is a rare health problem a child is born with. Learn more about it, including the causes, symptoms, diagnosis, and treatment.

Carnitine is a nutrient that helps the body's cells work normally. Secondary carnitine deficiency is when there isn't enough carnitine in the blood. Read this to learn more about this condition, including the causes, symptoms, ways to diagnose it, and the treatment options.