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A traumatic brain injury (TBI) is a sudden jolt to your head that changes how your brain works. It can cause trouble sleeping.

A femoral endarterectomy is surgery to restore blood flow through a large blood vessel in the groin area.

TCAR is a type of treatment for carotid artery disease. TCAR helps prevent a stroke by unblocking a blocked artery.

Laminectomy is a surgery that removes the part of the vertebra called the lamina. Here's a look at what you can expect before, during, and after the procedure.

During a microdiscectomy, some disk is removed. In most cases, bone must first be removed to expose the damaged disk. The part of the disk outer wall and soft center that presses on the nerve can then be removed. There is usually enough disk remaining to cushion the vertebrae.

Cubital tunnel syndrome is a set of symptoms that may occur if the ulnar nerve in your elbow gets pinched. This may happen if you bend or lean on your elbows often.

A flexible bronchoscopy is an exam of the airways of your lungs. A thin, flexible tube called a bronchoscope is used. Here's what you need to know about the test.

Stress and anxiety can make breathing harder. When it's hard to breathe, it's natural to get anxious and start to panic. This makes you even more short of breath. This sequence is known as the dyspnea cycle--common among people with COPD. The good news is, you have the power to break the cycle.

Blood lost during surgery may need to be replaced. Donating your own blood ahead of time is sometimes best. Depositing your own blood before surgery is called autologous blood donation.