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Alpha thalassemia is a blood disorder. It affects the production of a protein in the red blood cells (RBCs). This protein, called hemoglobin, allows RBCs to carry oxygen to all parts of the body. Hemoglobin is made up of smaller parts, including alpha globin and beta globin. When problems with alpha globin lead to less hemoglobin in the blood, the condition is called alpha thalassemia. Alpha thalassemia can cause anemia (not enough healthy hemoglobin in the blood). Your child has been diagnosed with alpha thalassemia. Your child’s healthcare provider can discuss treatment options with you.