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Femoral popliteal bypass surgery is used to treat blocked femoral artery. The femoral artery is the largest artery in the thigh. It supplies oxygen-rich blood to the leg. Blockage is due to plaque buildup or atherosclerosis. Atherosclerosis in the leg arteries causes peripheral vascular disease. The same process causes heart disease and stroke.

A muscle biopsy involves removing a small piece of tissue to diagnose disease. The tissue is usually removed using a needle.

Ligaments surround a joint to give it support and limit its movement. A torn ligament severely limits knee movement. Surgery is a choice to repair a torn ligament if other treatment does not work.

Bunion surgery is done to reduce the pain and correct the deformity caused by a bunion. A bunion is an enlargement of the bone or tissue around a joint at the base of the big toe or at the base of the little toe. Read on for details about this surgery.

Joint aspiration is a procedure to remove fluid from the space around a joint using a needle and syringe. Learn why it's done, what the risks are, how to prepare for it, and what to expect during and after the procedure.

Laminectomy is a type of surgery in which a surgeon removes part or all of the vertebral bone (lamina). This helps relieve compression of the spinal cord or the nerve roots that may be caused by injury, herniated disk, spinal stenosis (narrowing of the canal), or tumors.

An abdominal X-ray may be done to check the area for causes of belly pain. It can also be done to find an object that has been swallowed or to look for a blockage or a hole in the intestine. Read on to learn what to expect before, during, and after this imaging test.

A lung transplant is surgery to remove a diseased lung and replace it with a healthy lung from another person.

A lumbar puncture (LP) or spinal tap may be done to diagnose or treat a condition.