This is a type of surgery to replace a damaged hip joint. The surgery is done by an orthopedic surgeon.

This is a type of surgery on the bones of your backbone (spine). This type of surgery uses smaller cuts (incisions) than standard surgery. This often causes less harm to nearby muscles and other tissues.

Vulvectomy is a surgery to remove some or all of your outer genitals. The surgery is done to remove diseased areas such as cancer, precancer, or lichen sclerosus.

This is a a type of surgery done to fix an abnormal curve of the spine known as scoliosis. Minimally invasive surgery uses two or more small cuts (incisions) instead of one large incision. This may lead to less pain after surgery and faster recovery.

This is a type of surgery to fix a disk in the lower back. Minimally invasive surgery uses 2 or more small cuts (incisions) instead of 1 large incision. This may lead to less pain after surgery, and faster recovery.

A vulvar biopsy is a test to check for vulvar cancer or another skin disease. The vulva is the outer part of a woman's genitals.

Meniscal transplant surgery is surgery to replace a small piece of missing or damaged cartilage in the knee. The meniscus is replaced with one from a cadaver donor.

A venogram is a type of imaging procedure. It uses X-rays and a special dye to look at veins in your body.

A unilateral salpingo-oophorectomy is a type of surgery. A surgeon removes one ovary and one fallopian tube from your pelvis. Read on for details about the surgery.

A heart murmur is an extra noise heard during a heartbeat. The noise is caused when blood does not flow smoothly through the heart.