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HIV affects the brain and nervous system and can cause dementia.

Pneumocystis pneumonia or PCP is a fungal infection in one or both lungs. It is common in people who have a weak immune system, such as people who have AIDS.

Arteriovenous malformations is the abnormal formation of veins and arteries. It can develop in the fetus or newborn baby. Learn more about this condition, including causes, diagnosis, and treatment.

A developmental venous anomaly is an unusual arrangement of small veins in the brain or spinal cord. It's a condition you are born with.

Cephalic disorders affect the central nervous system as it develops. They may also affect the brain and the growth of the skull.

Frontotemporal dementia (FTD), a common cause of dementia, is a group of disorders that occur when nerve cells in the frontal and temporal lobes of the brain are lost. This causes the lobes to shrink. FTD can affect behavior, personality, language, and movement.

Made up of bundles of nerves, the spinal cord carries signals from your body to your brain, and vice versa.

Learn about the causes, symptoms, diagnosis, and treatment for ampullary cancer.

Rathke cleft cysts are noncancerous fluid-filled growths that develop between the parts of the pituitary gland at the base of the brain while a baby is growing in the uterus. This cyst develops from a piece of the fetus' developing Rathke pouch, which ultimately becomes part of the pituitary gland.