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In most cases of congenital heart defect, the cause is thought to be a combination of genetics and environment.

Eisenmenger syndrome is an advanced form of pulmonary artery hypertension.

The atrial septum is the wall between the two upper chambers of the heart (right and left atria). An atrial septal defect (ASD) is an abnormal hole in this wall. ASD is a heart problem that is present at birth (congenital). Read on for details about symptoms, diagnosis, and treatment.

A chondroblastoma is a rare type of noncancerous bone tumor that begins in cartilage. This is the specialized, gristly connective tissue from which most bones develop. It plays an important role in the growth process. There are many different types of cartilage in the body. Chondroblastoma most often affects the ends of the long bones, near the growth plate, in the arms at the shoulder, and in the legs at the hip and knee. It is also called Codman’s tumor.

If your healthcare provider thinks you might have a pituitary tumor, certain exams and tests will be needed to know for sure. Here's what to expect.

Arteriovenous malformations (AVMs) happen when a group of blood vessels in your body forms incorrectly. Here's what you need to know.

For parents of a newborn, first-time parents, or any anxious mom or dad, it may be hard to tell a true health threat that needs a healthcare provider's attention from a frightening, yet simple, illness that doesn't need medical treatment. Most sniffles, sneezes, and stomachaches don't need medical attention. But how do you know when it's time to call the healthcare provider?

A stroke, or brain attack, happens when blood flow to your brain is stopped. It is an emergency situation.

A look at how open surgery compares to minimally invasive surgery, including different types of procedures.