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Your child is having bone or joint surgery. The healthcare provider who does this surgery is called an orthopedic surgeon. This sheet can help you prepare your child and learn what to expect.

Learn how the skeleton bones develop from infants to teens.

Pulmonary stenosis occurs when the pulmonary valve doesn't open all the way and blood flow to the lungs is blocked.

Aortic stenosis is when the aortic valve doesn't open all the way. reducing blood flow from the heart out to the body. It is usually a congenital heart defect.

An AV canal defect is a large hole in the center of the heart. This heart defect can usually be treated with surgery.

Heart failure (CHF) is a condition in which the heart does not pump as well as it should. When this happens, fluid can build up in the lungs or body tissues (congestion). HF can cause lung problems, organ failure, and other serious problems in the body. Your child's healthcare provider will evaluate your child's heart and discuss treatment options with you.

TOF is a serious heart defect, but it can be repaired with surgery. The surgery may be done when your child is 3 to 6 months old. Or it may be done when your child is 1 to 2 years old.

A PDA is a heart defect affecting 2 arteries. A PDA may close on its own, without treatment. If it does not, your child may be treated with medicine, a heart procedure, or surgery.

Infective endocarditis (IE) is an infection of the lining of the heart or heart valves. It used to be known as bacterial endocarditis. IE can cause serious damage to the heart. For this reason, it must be treated right away. If your child has a heart problem, be sure to check with their healthcare provider about how to prevent this infection.