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The pleural space is the area between the lung and the chest wall. If air, blood, or fluid gets into this space, it can be a problem. This air, fluid, or blood can cause one or both lungs to collapse, which makes breathing difficult. A chest tube can drain the pleural space. This tube is soft and flexible. Your child may need a chest tube to prevent their lung from collapsing. Or they may need it to allow the lung to expand after collapsing.

Pleural effusion occurs when too much fluid builds up in the pleural space. This is the area between the chest wall and lung. Learn more about this condition and how it's treated.

Pulmonary hypertension is high pressure in the blood vessels that carry blood into the lungs. This strains the lungs and heart and can lead to serious problems.

Your child may need a cardiac catheterization if a heart problem is suspected or to follow a known heart problem. It may also be needed if your child is being prepared for heart surgery and information on the heart is required before treatment.

Your child may need to have a heart problem treated using interventional cardiac catheterization. Learn the risks and what to expect.

Radiographic studies, such as a cardiac MRI and cardiac CT scan, are called imaging tests. They allow the healthcare provider to check for problems in the heart. The tests are painless and noninvasive. Your child's healthcare provider will discuss with you why your child needs one or both of these tests.

An echocardiogram is an imaging test that uses sound waves (ultrasound) to create pictures of the heart. Learn why your child might need one.

A spica cast is used to stabilize and protect the hip or thigh area for a set time. Read on to learn more.

Your child has a crack or break in one or more of the bones of the elbow joint. Learn about diagnosis and treatment.