Folic Acid and Your Unborn Baby

Planning to become pregnant? If you answered yes, then it's time to talk about folic acid and the many positive effects it can have on you and your unborn child. Now, is the perfect time to share what we know so you can prepare for a healthy baby, even before you're expecting! 

Pregnant people need to make sure they are getting enough folic acid throughout their pregnancy, but those who are currently pregnant are not the only ones who should be taking it. Rather, those who have the potential to become pregnant ought to take a daily dose. It's highly beneficial to have folate built up in the system because some birth defects develop in a baby within the mother's first three to four weeks of pregnancy. 

Studies have shown that those who started taking folic acid (the manmade version of vitamin B known as folate), at least a year before becoming pregnant, cut their likelihood of having a baby with a birth defect in half.

Reducing Birth Defects

The most common birth defects in newborns that can be reduced by folate taken before pregnancy are known by the umbrella term neural tube defects because they are brought on by a baby's neural tube failing to close in the right way. However, the good news is that when the mother has taken enough folic acid, her baby's chance of developing a neural tube defect is cut by 69%. 

Spinal Bifida

One neural tube defect is called spina bifida; this is when the bones of the spinal column do not develop fully and, in turn, several nerves in the body are not able to perform their jobs properly. This leads to permanent disabilities for a child and the need for a number of future surgeries. 

Anencephaly

A second, and more severe, neural tube defect in a baby is called anencephaly. This is when the baby’s skull does not fully close, leading to major portions of the brain exposed to amniotic fluid and therefore not able to function. In this situation, the baby may not survive gestation or often dies shortly after birth. 

In addition to reducing the risk of neural tube defects, folic acid also plays an important role in preventing: 

• Low birth weight
• Premature birth
• Cleft lip and palates

Moms benefit directly from folic acid, too, through a reduced risk of stroke, heart disease, Alzheimer's disease and even some forms of cancer.

How Much Folic Acid Is Enough?

Talk with your doctor to find out what the right daily dose of folic acid is for you, as they may prescribe a very specific amount based on your individual medical history and any medications you're already taking. Typically, people with the potential of pregnancy should take at least 400 to 800 micrograms (mcg) (0.4-0.8 milligrams) of folate every day before and during pregnancy. 

Additionally, 4,000 mcg should be consumed every day by women who have previously had a child with a neural tube defect or who have family members with a history of spina bifida. 

After the first three months of pregnancy, this high amount of folic acid should be lowered to the normal amount. This helps prevent taking too much folic acid after the baby’s neural tube has finished developing.

Where Can We Find Folic Acid?

Several vitamins contain the full recommended daily dosage of folic acid. Just check the label on the container. If it's listed as having 400 to 800 mcg or 100% daily value of folic acid, then it's a good daily vitamin to take. What you may not know is that a handful of foods we eat contain folic acid, as well. Some of these foods are:

• Cereal
• Citrus fruits/juices
• Lentils
• Dried peas or beans (e.g., great northern beans)
• Dark green vegetables (e.g., spinach, asparagus, okra, broccoli)
• Grain products (e.g., breads, pastas, white rice)

The combination of a manmade and natural folic acid is the best formula for anybody. The manmade form is found in vitamin pills, and the natural form is found in foods. The body has different ways of using each. Because of this, making sure you get a little bit of both is the best path to take.

Downloadable Resources

Click here to find a variety of downloadable resources so you can share what you know with your fellow moms-to-be. 

Guest Blogger: Katherine Johnson, MD, OB/GYN, Maternal-Fetal Medicine